About Book

Air pollution can be described as the presence in the atmosphere of any dust, fumes, mist, smoke, other particulate matter, vapor, gas, odorous substances, or a combination thereof, in sufficient quantities and of such characteristics and duration as to be, or likely to be, injurious to health or welfare, animal or plant life, or property, or as to interfere with the enjoyment of life or property. Air pollution comes from a number of different sources. Most activities that burn fuel or use energy in one form or another can cause air pollution. Most air pollution issues are associated with power generation, industrial processes and road transport. Pollution emitting from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause immense amount of pollution. Air pollution instruments play an important role in the determination of emission factors. Measuring the concentration of the pollutants is an important aspect in maintaining the indoor and outdoor air quality. This book provides knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of industrial air pollution, control and monitoring. It covers main processes and devices widely used in the area air pollution control. It explores plasma technique, system for monitoring air pollution, electrochemical sensors, online monitoring, urban air pollution, modelling of air pollution, rough set, regression models and bio‐indicators. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts of this field. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new devices and technologies related to air quality monitoring. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies have been included in it. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for students.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Modeling of Air Pollution at Airports..................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Modeling of air pollution produced by aircraft engine

emissions.................................................................................................6

3. Measurement of air pollution produced by aircraft engine

emissions...............................................................................................19

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................21

Chapter 2 Urban Air Pollution Mapping and Traffic Intensity: Active Transport Application..............................................................................25

Abstract.................................................................................................25

1. Introduction..........................................................................................26

2. Methods................................................................................................28

3. Results and discussion.......................................................................31

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................35

Acknowledgements.............................................................................35

Conflict of interest..............................................................................35

Chapter 3 Rough Set Applied to Air Pollution: A New Approach to Manage Pollutions in High Risk Rate Industrial Areas.................................39

Abstract.................................................................................................39

1. Introduction..........................................................................................40

2. The rough set theory..........................................................................42

3. Data description..................................................................................46

4. Results...................................................................................................47

5. Discussions...........................................................................................51

6. Conclusions..........................................................................................54

Chapter 4 Regression Models to Predict Air Pollution from Affordable Data

Collections..................................................................................................61

Abstract.................................................................................................61

1. Introduction..........................................................................................62

2. Machine-learning approach...............................................................63

3. Prediction from real-time traffic monitoring.................................66

4. Adding meteorological factors.........................................................79

5. Adding trace gas concentrations......................................................89

6. Simplification and recommendations..............................................95

7. Conclusions and perspectives...........................................................97

Chapter 5 Increased Air Pollution Causing Cancers and Its Rapid Online

Monitoring................................................................................................102

Abstract ..............................................................................................102

1. Introduction........................................................................................102

2. Experimental details.........................................................................105

3. Results and discussion.....................................................................114

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................115

Acknowledgements...........................................................................115

Chapter 6 Electrochemical Sensors for Monitoring of Indoor and Outdoor Air

Pollution....................................................................................................118

Abstract...............................................................................................118

1. Introduction........................................................................................119

2. The principles of gas sensing.........................................................120

3. Influence of the sensing surface micro- or nanostructure........127

4. Main types of electrochemical sensors used in practical

applications.........................................................................................131

5. Conclusions........................................................................................139

Chapter 7 Air Pollution Mapping with Bio‐Indicators in Urban Areas......142

Abstract...............................................................................................142

1. Introduction........................................................................................142

2. Materials and methods....................................................................144

3. Results and discussion.....................................................................151

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................161

Chapter 8 The Integrated Mini GC-PID System for Monitoring Air Pollution....................................................................................................165

1. Introduction........................................................................................165

2. Schematic representation of the mini GC system......................166

3. Micro dryer and purifier.................................................................167

4. Micro pre-concentrator.....................................................................168

5. Micro GC column.............................................................................175

6. High-sensitivity PID.........................................................................178

7. Detection of harmful gases.............................................................182

8. Conclusion..........................................................................................183

Acknowledgements...........................................................................184

Chapter 9 Non-Thermal Plasma Technic for Air Pollution Control ...........186

1. Introduction........................................................................................186

2. Non-thermal plasma .......................................................................186

3. Formation methods of non-thermal plasma................................188

4. Present situation of non-thermal plasma on practical use .....198

5. Summary ...........................................................................................203

Chapter 10 Urban Air Pollution ..............................................................................210

1. Introduction ......................................................................................210

2. Status of the air quality in large cities ........................................211

3. Air quality management ................................................................214

4. Air quality study over developing countries:

A case study of HCMC ..................................................................222

5. Summary and key recommendations ..........................................251

Citation......................................................................................................259

Index...........................................................................................................261

About Author

June Knight pursued his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from Technological University, Manila. Her expertise revolved in the fields of material science and environmental engineering focused on industrial and hazardous waste treatment and management. Knight is working as a Senior Science Research Specialist at Asia Joint Research Program in Hanoi, on developing functional carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene for energy and environmental applications. She has contributed several articles and papers in the field of pollutant emission factors, indoor air quality and air stagnation.