About Book

There are lots of waves all around us in everyday life. In physics, mathematics and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance of one or more quantities, sometimes as described by a wave equation. In physical waves, at least two field quantities in the wave medium are involved. Waves can be periodic, in which case those quantities oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium value at some frequency. The types of waves most commonly studied in classical physics are mechanical and electromagnetic. The simplest types of wave motion are vibrations of elastic media, such as air, crystalline solids, or stretched strings. All our communications essentially depend on transmission of signals through waves. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach with respect to waves. It covers various topics like acoustic waves, electromagnetic waves, chiral waves, space charge waves, nonlinear layered media, surface semiconductor and anisotropic photonic structures. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge. This book picks up individual concepts and theories and explains their need and contribution in the context of the growth of this field. It is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference on waves.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Anisotropic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves..........................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Applications of anisotropy in radio frequency devices................2

3. Plane wave solutions in an anisotropic medium...........................4

4. Anisotropic rectangular waveguide................................................10

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................19

Chapter 2 The Application of Surface Acoustic Waves in Surface Semiconductor Investigations and Gas Sensors...............................22

1. Introduction..........................................................................................22

2. Surface acoustic wave for semiconductor surface

investigations ......................................................................................25

3. SAW application in gas sensors .....................................................44

Acknowledgement...............................................................................60

Chapter 3 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Anisotropic

Photonic Structures...................................................................................65

1. Introduction..........................................................................................65

2. Theoretical model................................................................................67

3. Results and discussion.......................................................................79

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................90

Chapter 4 The Effect of Weak Fields at Multiple Frequencies on the Scattering and Generation of Waves by Nonlinear Layered Media................95

1. Introduction..........................................................................................95

2. The mathematical model...................................................................97

3. A self-consistent approach to the numerical analysis of the

nonlinear integral equations...........................................................105

4. Eigen-modes of the linearised problems of scattering and

generation of waves on the cubically polarisable layer............106

5. Numerical examples.........................................................................110

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................127

Chapter 5 A Numerical Study of Amplification of Space Charge Waves in

n-InP Films...............................................................................................131

1. Introduction........................................................................................131

2. The equations for space charge waves.........................................133

3. Spatial increment of space charge waves.....................................140

4. Results and simulation.....................................................................142

5. Conclusions........................................................................................145

Acknowledgement.............................................................................145

Chapter 6 Chiral Waves in Graphene Medium and Optical Simulation with

Metamaterial.............................................................................................148

1. Introduction........................................................................................148

2. A vector diagram of Maxwell’s equations for chiral media with

E‖H.......................................................................................................150

3. Chiral waves in graphene acting as metamaterial media........158

4. Two component equations and tunneling rate of dirac electron

in graphene........................................................................................164

5. Zitterbewegung of optical pulses near the Dirac point inside a

negative-zero-positive index metamaterial..................................171

6. Theoretical description of minimal conductivity in graphene

under chiral approach......................................................................173

7. Absorption of light by quasi 2D Dirac fermions.......................176

8. Conclusions........................................................................................178

Acknowledgements...........................................................................179

Chapter 7 Broadband Instability of Electromagnetic Waves in Nonlinear

Media.........................................................................................................182

1. Introduction........................................................................................182

2. Plane wave instability in media with polynomial

nonlinearity .......................................................................................183

3. Intense plane wave instability in air ...........................................188

4. Analysis of characteristics of ultrashort wave packet phase

modulation by means of autocorrelation intensity function....191

5. Conclusion .......................................................................................202

Chapter 8 Surface Acoustic Waves and Nano–Electromechanical Systems.206

1. Introduction........................................................................................206

2. Fabrication .........................................................................................207

3. Surface Acoustic Waves in Two Dimensional Electron Gases.210

4. Surface Acoustic Waves in Quantum Electronics.......................217

5. Conclusion .........................................................................................225

6. Acknowledgment .............................................................................225

Citation......................................................................................................229

Index...........................................................................................................231

About Author

Maria Hintz earned her Ph.D. in Physics from Public Technological University, Puebla. She is a Research Associate at Institute of Science, Manitoba. Her current research interests include wireless communications, microwave and millimeter-wave sensing for biomedical and security applications, microwave and millimeter-wave devices and integrated circuits for instrumentation applications. Hintz has contributed numerous articles and research papers on quantum mechanics, electromagnetic waves, and ultraviolet radiation. She is an active member of several scientific and technical societies, where she shares her expertise and knowledge in the field of the electromagnetic wave, physical optics and fiber optics.