About Book

Geoscience is an all-encompassing term that refers to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Such fields include soil science, atmospheric science, climate science, geochemistry, geobiology, geology and oceanography, to name just a few. Research into the area of geosciences allows us to better understand the Earth's past, present and future. This is particularly important now as many parts of the planet and the interactions between them, are changing at a rapid rate, for example oceans, landscapes the atmosphere and climate. Remote sensing is a tool with the potential to improve research within this area due advantages such as the possibility to cover large areas at a high spatial resolution, repeatability of measurements allowing for monitoring through time, non-intrusiveness of measurements and that data can be obtained/measured quickly compared to manual data collection equivalents. This book presents research topics that make use of remote sensing to investigate key topics within the area of geosciences. It talks in detail about the various concepts and theories related to computing systems, natural sciences, remote sensing for land observation, mangroves mapping, convolutional neural networks, remote sensing observations, controllable distortions and fuzzy control system. Most of the topics introduced in the book cover new techniques and the applications of geosciences. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Integrating Remote Sensing Data into Fuzzy Control System for Variable Rate Irrigation Estimates..........................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Precision agriculture.............................................................................4

3. Methods................................................................................................13

4. Control maps of central pivot motion speed................................23

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................28

Acknowledgements.............................................................................29

Conflict of interest..............................................................................29

Chapter 2 Lossy Compression of Remote Sensing Images with Controllable Distortions..................................................................................................39

Abstract.................................................................................................39

1. Introduction..........................................................................................40

2. Peculiarities of RS image lossy compresion..................................42

3. An approach to providing controlled losses.................................45

4. Peculiarities of compression..............................................................52

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................55

Chapter 3 Detection and Monitoring of Marine Pollution Using Remote

Sensing Technologies...............................................................................61

Abstract.................................................................................................61

1. Introduction..........................................................................................62

2. Remote sensing of water monitoring..............................................63

3. Remote sensing for marine monitoring..........................................68

4. Conclusion............................................................................................82

Acknowledgements.............................................................................84

Chapter 4 Soil Moisture Retrieval from Microwave Remote Sensing

Observations...............................................................................................93

Abstract.................................................................................................93

1. Introduction..........................................................................................94

2. Soil and vegetation parameters influencing the microwave

signals....................................................................................................95

3. Polarimetric decomposition for soil moisture estimation.........103

4. Radiative scattering model..............................................................114

5. Soil and vegetation emission model.............................................116

6. Joint active-passive microwave for soil moisture estimation...117

Chapter 5 Utilization of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Remote

Sensing Scenes Classification..............................................................123

Abstract...............................................................................................123

1. Introduction........................................................................................124

2. Transferred deep CNNs for remote scene classification...........126

3. Generalization power of features in different layers of transferred

deep CNN..........................................................................................130

4. Experiments........................................................................................133

5. Discussion...........................................................................................139

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................141

Acknowledgements...........................................................................141

Conflict of interest............................................................................141

Chapter 6 GIS and Remote Sensing for Mangroves Mapping and

Monitoring................................................................................................146

Abstract...............................................................................................146

1. Introduction........................................................................................146

2. The identification from remotely sensed data............................149

3. Mangroves mapping and monitoring in Malaysia....................153

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................161

Acknowledgements...........................................................................162

Conflict of interest............................................................................162

Chapter 7 Polarization Remote Sensing for Land Observation.....................165

Abstract...............................................................................................165

1. Introduction........................................................................................166

2. Polarization characters of land objects.........................................167

3. Polarized remote sensing for atmospheric correction...............182

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................193

Chapter 8 1D Wavelet Transform and Geosciences..........................................198

1. Introduction........................................................................................198

2. Random seismic noise attenuation using the wavelet

transform ...........................................................................................199

3. Solar geomagnetic disturbances analysis using the CWT .......210

4. Heterogeneities analysis using the 1D wavelet transform modulus

maxima lines .....................................................................................215

5. Conclusion .......................................................................................219

Chapter 9 Queueing Aspects of Integrated Information and Computing Systems in Geosciences and Natural Sciences................................222

1. Introduction........................................................................................222

2. Capability versus capacity...............................................................224

3. Computing resources........................................................................225

4. Computing obstacles........................................................................225

5. Hardware resources..........................................................................227

6. Resources prerequisites....................................................................231

7. Software needs hardware................................................................231

8. Integration framework – resources, services, disciplines..........235

9. Integrated – InfoPoints using distributed resources..................237

10. Evaluation...........................................................................................249

11. Outlook................................................................................................249

12. Conclusion..........................................................................................250

13. Acknowledgements...........................................................................250

Citation......................................................................................................253

Index...........................................................................................................255

About Author

Cyrilo Roldan pursued his Ph.D. in Geosciences from Technical University, Dortmund. He is actively engaged in the researches focused on study of varied types of continental drift, oceanic trench formation, asthenosphere, sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures. He is serving as a Visiting Professor at University College, Carlow. Roldan has authored and edited more than 30 articles, journal papers and book chapters in the field of isotope geochemistry. He has also won an “Outstanding Professor Award” for his outstanding contribution towards the academic community especially in the higher education programs.