About Book

Textile is one of the oldest and most complex sectors which include a large number of sub-sectors covering the entire production cycle, from raw materials and intermediate products, to the production of final products. Textile manufacturing is a vast industry which is concerned with turning fiber into yarn and then yarn into fabric. It encompasses the machinery and methodology related to textile manufacturing. The stages included in textile manufacturing include cultivating and harvesting, preparatory processes, spinning, weaving, finishing and lastly marketing. In general the conventional post-fiber formation processes may mainly be classified as physical and chemical textile manufacturing processes. A physical textile manufacturing process is required to convert the textile fiber into yarn; nonwoven, woven, knitted, technical textile; special finishing effects; etc. The chemical textile manufacturing processes include sizing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization, dyeing, printing, special chemical finishing, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of textile manufacturing. It focuses on textile dyeing, textile surfactant, plasma processing, environmental impact, textile materials, sustainable textile technology, textile finishing processes and textile applications. The topics included in it are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. The various sub-fields of textile engineering along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Novel Antimicrobial Agents and Processes for Textile Applications.................................................................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Antimicrobial treatments for textiles................................................3

3. Antimicrobial agents of synthetic origin..........................................5

4. Antimicrobial agents of natural origin...........................................12

5. Chitosan................................................................................................14

6. Conclusions and future perspectives..............................................18

Chapter 2 Sol-Gel Applications in Textile Finishing Processes.......................26

Abstract.................................................................................................26

1. Introduction..........................................................................................26

2. Textile finishing applications by sol-gel method..........................29

3. Conclusion............................................................................................47

Chapter 3 Chitosan-Based Sustainable Textile Technology: Process, Mechanism, Innovation, and Safety.....................................................60

Abstract.................................................................................................60

1. Introduction..........................................................................................60

2. Chemistry of chitin and chitosan....................................................62

3. Chitosan-based fiber production......................................................63

4. Chitosan-based textile processing....................................................70

5. Chitosan microcapsules for textile applications...........................81

6. Conclusion and future perspectives................................................85

Chapter 4 Plasma-Enhanced Vapor Deposition Process for the Modification

of Textile Materials..................................................................................94

Abstract ................................................................................................94

1. Introduction..........................................................................................94

2. Vapor deposition.................................................................................96

3. Conclusion..........................................................................................119

Chapter 5 Textile Dyes: Dyeing Process and Environmental Impact...........125

1. Introduction........................................................................................125

2. Dyeing process...................................................................................128

3. Finishing and waste water..............................................................137

4. Waste water treatment.....................................................................139

5. Optimization of the dyeing processes to reduce the environmental

impact of the textile industry.........................................................145

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................145

Acknowledgments.............................................................................146

Chapter 6 Pretreatments of Textiles Prior to Dyeing: Plasma Processing....156

1. Introduction........................................................................................156

2. Surface modification techniques....................................................158

3. Experimental......................................................................................170

4. Results and discussions...................................................................171

5. Conclusions........................................................................................181

6. Scope for future work......................................................................182

7. Acknowledgement.............................................................................182

Chapter 7 Effect of Photochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes on the

Bioamenability and Acute Toxicity of an Anionic Textile Surfactant

and a Textile Dye Precursor.................................................................189

1. Introduction........................................................................................189

2. Materials and methods....................................................................194

3. Results and discussion.....................................................................199

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................205

5. Acknowledgments.............................................................................206

Chapter 8 Decolorisation of Textile Dyeing Effluents Using Advanced Oxidation Processes................................................................................212

1. Introduction........................................................................................212

2. Advanced Oxidation Processes: Principles and definitions.....214

3. Characterisation of textile industry wastewater.........................220

4. Colour removal from textile industry wastewater by AOPs...221

5. Conclusions........................................................................................235

Citation......................................................................................................247

Index...........................................................................................................249

About Author

Rene Cullen pursued her Doctorate in Textile Engineering from Public State University, Irkutsk. She works with textile industry across Europe and her work focuses on cloth fabrication, cotton processing and cotton-spinning and has presented 10 papers on textile measurement, textile processing and textile printing. Cullen has authored and edited several texts, which include articles, and book chapters in this field. She consistently shares her knowledge with the researcher fraternity by organizing lectures and conferences around the globe. She has also been an eminent speaker in seminars across America, Europe and Asia.