About Book

Pollution is now a common place term that our ears are familiar to. We hear about the various forms of pollution and read about it through the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty. The two main forms of outdoor air pollution include particulate matter, sometimes called black carbon pollution, and noxious gases. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to air quality monitoring and control strategies. It provides great detail about air pollution monitoring, industrial air pollution control, vehicular traffic emissions, geo-sensor webs, information systems, assessment and control methods. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts of this field. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new devices and technologies related to air quality monitoring. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies have been included in it. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for students and researchers.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Industrial Air Pollution Control.............................................................1

Abstract ..................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Local ventilation....................................................................................3

3. Hood flow rate......................................................................................3

4. Ducts........................................................................................................4

5. Fittings.....................................................................................................7

6. Air cleaning devices.............................................................................9

7. Required efficiency..............................................................................11

8. Dust collector types............................................................................12

9. Conclusions..........................................................................................21

Conflict of interest..............................................................................22

Acronyms and abbreviations............................................................22

Chapter 2 Indoor Air Quality Monitoring for Enhanced Healthy

Buildings.....................................................................................................23

Abstract..........................................................................................................23

1. Introduction..........................................................................................23

2. IoT and AAL for the enhanced indoor air quality......................25

3. Indoor air quality monitoring syst-ems.........................................28

4. Discussion.............................................................................................39

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................42

Acknowledgements.............................................................................43

Conflict of interest..............................................................................43

Chapter 3 The Air Quality Influences of Vehicular Traffic Emissions...........47

Abstract..........................................................................................................47

1. Introduction..........................................................................................48

2. Materials and methods......................................................................50

3. Results and discussions.....................................................................53

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................65

Chapter 4 Air Pollution Monitoring and Prediction...........................................72

1. Introduction..........................................................................................72

2. Experimental design...........................................................................76

3. Data analysis........................................................................................82

4. Conclusion............................................................................................94

Chapter 5 Air Pollution in Welding Processes — Assessment and Control

Methods.......................................................................................................97

1. Introduction..........................................................................................97

2. Welding technology............................................................................99

3. Air pollution out of welding..........................................................104

4. Welding health effects......................................................................107

5. Exposure standards for welding emissions.................................110

6. Welding monitoring and risk assessment....................................112

7. Occupational control........................................................................120

8. Conclusion..........................................................................................125

Chapter 6 Molecular Epidemiology and Air Pollution.....................................134

1. Introduction........................................................................................134

2. Czech studies – Fig. 1......................................................................139

3. Teplice program.................................................................................140

4. Prague..................................................................................................142

5. Ostrava program...............................................................................151

6. In vitro studies...................................................................................155

7. Discussion...........................................................................................158

8. Conclusion..........................................................................................160

Acknowledgements...........................................................................161

Chapter 7 Information Systems for Air Quality Monitoring..........................175

1. Introduction........................................................................................175

2. Information systems.........................................................................175

3. The software part of the information system.............................177

4. The hardware part of the information system............................187

5. Automatic methods .........................................................................192

6. Manual methods................................................................................193

7. Communication.................................................................................195

8. Conclusion..........................................................................................195

Chapter 8 Air Pollution Monitoring Using Earth Observation & GIS........198

1. Introduction........................................................................................198

2. Relevant literature review...............................................................199

3. Aerosol Optical Thickness – Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) ..200

4. PM10....................................................................................................201

5. Satellite imagery................................................................................201

6. Ground measurements for supporting remote sensing

measurements....................................................................................203

7. Case studies........................................................................................209

8. GIS........................................................................................................219

9. Conclusion..........................................................................................221

10. Acknowledgment..............................................................................222

Chapter 9 Standardised Geo-Sensor Webs for Integrated Urban Air Quality Monitoring................................................................................................226

1. Introduction........................................................................................226

2. Related work......................................................................................228

3. Common Scents measurement infrast-ucture..............................230

4. Results of spatio-temporal data analysis......................................237

5. Potential application areas..............................................................240

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................242

7. Acknowledgement.............................................................................243

Citation......................................................................................................247

Index...........................................................................................................249

About Author

Shalinee Carry was conferred with her Ph.D. Degree in Environmental Engineering from State University of Science & Technology, Limerick. She is a Visiting Professor at Community College, Rostock. Her academic interests lie in air quality index and air quality control modeling. She is actively engaged in the researches focused on indoor air quality and ground-level ozone monitoring. Carry has also won the “Principal’s Prize for Excellence in Teaching” award for her outstanding contribution towards the researcher community. She has authored numerous articles and research papers on environment published in international journals.