About Book

Chromatography is the science and technique of using different laboratory methods to separate chemical mixtures. It is basically a method of purification. Chromatography has numerous applications in biological and chemical fields. It is widely used in biochemical research for the separation and identification of chemical compounds of biological origin. In the petroleum industry the technique is employed to analyze complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. Pharmaceutical industries use this method both to prepare huge quantities of extremely pure materials, and also to analyze the purified compounds for trace contaminants. Chromatographic methods are classified according to these criteria: geometry of the system, mode of operation, retention mechanism and phases involved. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to chromatography. It describes in detail the various basic concepts of this field. It deals with hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, liquid chromatography, phylogenetic studies and bioactivity analysis. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complete theories in the field of chromatography. Such selected concepts that redefine this subject have been presented in it. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies on chromatography have been included in this book. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the students.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Affinity Chromatography and Importance in Drug Discovery.......1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Types of affinity chromatography...................................................35

3. Affinity chromatography and drug discovery..............................41

4. Conclusion............................................................................................43

Chapter 2 Chromatography in Bioactivity Analysis of Compounds...............47

1. Introduction..........................................................................................47

2. Separation of components by means of gas chromatography...48

3. In vitro analysis of biological activity of substances...................51

4. On-line liquid chromatography in bioactivity determination of

compounds...........................................................................................60

5. Conclusion............................................................................................66

Acknowledgements.............................................................................67

Chapter 3 Affinity Chromatography: Principles and Applications..................76

1. Introduction..........................................................................................76

2. History of affinity chromatography................................................77

3. Fundamental principles of affinity chromatography...................77

4. Current techniques involving affinity chromatography..............89

5. Biokinetics of affinity chromatography..........................................90

6. Applications and uses of affinity chrmatography........................92

7. Funds...................................................................................................102

Chapter 4 The Acoustic Behaviour as a Tool for Biodiversity and Phylogenetic

Studies: Case of the Rhammatocerus Species Inhabiting Uruguay

(Orthoptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae)..........................................110

1. Introduction........................................................................................110

2. Materials and methods....................................................................113

3. Results.................................................................................................118

4. Discussion...........................................................................................127

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................130

6. Acknowledgment..............................................................................131

Chapter 5 Analysis of Toxicants by Gas Chromatography.............................136

1. Introduction........................................................................................136

2. Gas chromatography equipped with different detectors for

analysis of Arial pollutants.............................................................137

3. Chromatography equipped with different detector for analysis

of pesticides in food samples.........................................................140

4. Gas chromatography equipped with different detector for

analysis of pesticides in biological samples................................143

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................149

Chapter 6 Column Liquid Chromatography........................................................158

1. Introduction........................................................................................158

2. The establish of CLC method.........................................................159

3. The establish of group-type analysis method by CLC ..........160

4. Applications of group type analysis by CLC ..........................163

5. Conclusion .........................................................................................170

Chapter 7 Determination of Volatile Substances in Forensic Samples by

Static Headspace Gas Chromatography............................................172

1. Introduction........................................................................................172

2. Static headspace.................................................................................174

3. Applications in forensic toxicology...............................................181

4. Conclusions........................................................................................200

5. Acknowledgments.............................................................................201

Chapter 8 Protein Purification by Affinity Chromatography...........................209

1. Introduction........................................................................................209

2. Nomenclature and basic concepts.................................................210

3. Supports for affinity chromatography..........................................211

4. Extraction and purification of proteins by affinity

chromatography.................................................................................213

5. Forces that stabilize proteins and affinity interactions.............215

6. Lectins: Prototypes in protein purification by affinity

chromatography.................................................................................216

7. Immunoaffinity chromatography...................................................222

8. Purification of DNA-binding proteins by affinity

chromatography ...............................................................................223

9. Pitfalls in affinity chromatography................................................225

10. Acknowledgments.............................................................................226

Chapter 9 Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications in Biomedical Engineering .........................................236

1. Introduction ......................................................................................236

2. Theoretical principles underlying macromolecule retention in

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ................................237

3. Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography process .................244

4. Applications in biomedical engineering .....................................253

5. Conclusion .........................................................................................262

6. Acknowledgement ...........................................................................262

Citation......................................................................................................271

Index...........................................................................................................273

About Author

Esther Patmore received her Post Graduation in Applied Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry from University of Technology, Fasa. She is a Guest Lecturer at University College, Batumi. She has wide-ranging areas of academic research interests, which include mixture separation techniques, affinity chromatography, fast protein liquid chromatography and bonded phase. Patmore has presented 15 research papers in the diverse areas of chromatography. She travels extensively for higher education purposes across the globe.